Non-native contrasts in Tongan loans

We present three case studies of marginal contrasts in Tongan loans from English, working with data from three speakers. Although Tongan lacks contrasts in stress or in CC vs. CVC sequences, secondary stress in loans is contrastive, and is sensitive to whether a vowel has a correspondent in the English source word; vowel deletion is also sensitive to whether a vowel is epenthetic as compared to the English source; and final vowel length is sensitive to whether the penultimate vowel is epenthetic, and if not, whether it corresponds to a stressed or unstressed vowel in the English source. We provide an analysis in the multilevel model of Boersma (1998) and Boersma & Hamann (2009), and show that the loan patterns can be captured using only constraints that plausibly are needed for native-word phonology, including constraints that reflect perceptual strategies

Preliminary frameworks and models for telework maturity within organisations

This paper is a preliminary step to assess the feasibility of telework for any given organisation. We posit two qualitative frames of telework to define the additional, digital referential platforms that exist with regard to work today: abstraction and conceptualisation. To communicate research within this field we utilise a language taxonomy derived out of a review of the relevant literature. Furthermore, we propose a transformer model to serve as a means to i) interpret quantitative aspects of telework such as metrics and KPIs and ii) inform stakeholder decisions with regard to appropriate telework configurations for their respective company

Detecting Cognitive Load during Working Memory Tasks utilizing a Digitizer Tablet

The purpose of this line of research is to determine whether the ‘Digitizer’ is a reliable and valid way to measure cognitive load during dual working memory-drawing tasks. A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the University of Arkansas in a research laboratory, and participants included seven right-handed healthy adults with normal or corrected vision and no reading difficulty. The participants were selected on a volunteer basis. The study required participants to draw circles while continuously performing in three conditions – one baseline and two working memory experimental tasks, administered in counterbalanced order. The baseline task was to read an 8th grade level passage at comfortable speed and loudness level. The working memory tasks were symmetry span and operation span tasks. The operation span task required the participants to remember letters in sequence while simultaneously verifying arithmetic operations presented after each letter. The symmetry span task required participants to remember the position of the highlighted square in a grid in sequence while simultaneously determining the symmetricity of a figure presented afterwards. Both tasks were completed while drawing continuous circles on the ‘Digitizer’. A separate repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for each measure. A significant omnibus effect was found for the stroke duration measure only. Post-hoc paired tests showed that baseline was higher (p=.01) in stroke duration than in operation span task and symmetry span task. In this literature review, the results and elements of the study are described in full to inform future research. It was initially assumed that the working memory load would be significantly less in the baseline task as compared to the two working memory tasks; however, the data alternatively indicated that it taxed working memory more. With reading comprehension as a reference condition, it is logical to conclude that there is evidence of cognitive load in working memory tasks as measured by manual disfluencies. This literature review outlines potential adaptations and highlights primary weaknesses for future study in this area

Vertical occupational mobility and its measurement

This paper describes a number of alternative approaches to devising a vertical occupational scale and compares the outcomes of different scales on calculations of occupational mobility. The paper describes the conceptual issues relevant to calculating occupational mobility and documents the measurement error embedded in the choice of measure, as applied to different data sets. The ranking schemes used include SOC (9) major codes ranked by mean occupational hourly earnings, Hope-Goldthorpe collapsed 36-point scores, a 15-category SOC ranking based on educational qualifications, and a 77 category ranking based on 2-digit SOC90 occupations, wage rates, educational qualifications, training and job tenure. These ranking schemes are applied to data from the 1958 NCDS cohort between the ages of 23 to 33 and 33 to 42, and to 1.25 year transitions in the Quarterly Labour Force Survey panel data. The calculations carried out show that variations in the extent of vertical occupational mobility, both upward and downward, had systematic elements. The extent of mobility was found to vary by the composition of the individuals´ data particularly in terms of lifecourse stages and gender, the number of categories in the ranking scheme, attrition in the data and flows out of employment over the mobility period, and changes in labour market conditions over time. However, the sizes of these effects were very variable

Multicompartment thermoresponsive gels: Does the length of the hydrophobic side group matter?

Multicompartment thermoresponsive gels are novel materials with fascinating self-assembly and interesting applications. The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the effect of the length of the alkyl side group of a hydrophobic monomer on the thermoresponsive and self-assembly behaviour of terpolymers. Specifically twelve well-defined terpolymers based on the hydrophilic monomers 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), and on the hydrophobic monomer ethyl-, n-butyl or n-hexyl methacrylate (EtMA, BuMA or HMA) of varying architectures (ABC, ACB, BAC and statistical) were synthesised using Group Transfer Polymerisation. The A, B and C blocks were based on PEGMA, the alkyl containing methacrylate monomer, and DMAEMA, respectively. The molecular weights (MWs) and compositions of the polymers were kept the same. The polymers and their precursors were characterised in terms of their MWs, MW distributions and compositions. Aqueous solutions of the polymers were studied by turbidimetry, hydrogen ion titration, light scattering and rheology to determine their cloud points, pKas, hydrodynamic diameters and thermoresponsive behaviour and investigate the effect of the architecture and the hydrophobic alkyl side group of the terpolymers. It was found that the pKas and the Tgs were mostly affected by the hydrophobicity of the side groups and not by the architecture, while the cloud points and the sol-gel transition of the polymers were affected by both the length of the alkyl side group and the polymer architecture. Interestingly the sharpest sol-gel transitions and stable multicompartment hydrogels were observed for the ABC triblock copolymers with the short alkyl-side groups even though the sol-gel transition occurred at higher temperatures

Preliminary frameworks and models for telework maturity within organisations

This paper is a preliminary step to assess the feasibility of telework for any given organisation. We posit two qualitative frames of telework to define the additional, digital referential platforms that exist with regard to work today: abstraction and conceptualisation. To communicate research within this field we utilise a language taxonomy derived out of a review of the relevant literature. Furthermore, we propose a transformer model to serve as a means to i) interpret quantitative aspects of telework such as metrics and KPIs and ii) inform stakeholder decisions with regard to appropriate telework configurations for their respective company

A critical analysis of prevention and population health discourses in mental health policy

Discourses around prevention and population health have been gathering momentum in UK mental health policy for over a decade. This trend has been influenced by an economic rationale, prominent reports into the social determinants of health and mental health, and pressure from national and international organisations to take a population based approach to address them. And yet despite this, there are indications that the political focus on mental health prevention has not resulted in clear preventative action. The current study aimed to address the social problem of prevention through a critical appraisal of the discursive features of recent mental health policy. The intention was to facilitate clinical psychologists’ engagement with the political context of their work. A 5 stage framework for Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 2001) was utilised to explore the underlying conceptual frameworks of relevant policies, and the impact these had on the way preventative action was operationalised. This was undertaken from a critical realist epistemological position. On the basis of a historical analysis into prevention and population health discourses, two representative policies were selected for more detailed discursive analysis. These were Advancing our Health: Prevention in the 2020s (Department of Health and Social Care, 2019) and the NHS Mental Health Implementation Plan 2019/20 – 2023/24 (NHS England, 2019a). The analysis indicated that potential discursive obstacles to preventative action could be found in; how the target of prevention was conceptualised, conflicting notions of responsibility for prevention, and the malleability of the concept of prevention itself. This was discussed in reference to the network of policy structures and practices that also present a barrier to prevention. Implications for clinical psychologists in terms of individual, community and policy level actions were considered